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AlzRisk Paper Detail
Risk Factors
Alcohol
B Vitamins
Blood Pressure
Cognitive Activity
Diabetes Mellitus
Dietary Pattern
Head injury
Homocysteine
Hormone Therapy
Inflammatory Biomarkers
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Nutritional Antioxidants
Obesity
Physical Activity
Statin use
Reference:
Ohara, 2011
Cohort:
Hisayama Study
Risk Factor:
Diabetes Mellitus
Average Follow-up Time Detail
The total follow-up time was for 15 years, from December 1988 to November 2003. The mean follow-up time was 10.8 years and the SD was 4.1 years.
Exposure Detail
For this analysis, the authors classified participants into one of four levels according to their fasting glucose (FG) level.
The four levels were: (i) FG <100 mg/dl,(ii) FG 100-109 mg/dl,(iii) FG 110-129 mg/dl, and (iv) FG
>
126 mg/dl.
Diabetic status was ascertained using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), performed after an at least 12 hour fast, and the glucose-oxidase method was used to determine plasma glucose levels.
Ethnicity Detail
All members of the Hisayama cohort are Japanese.
Screening and Diagnosis Detail
AD Diagnosis:
Autopsy
Brain Imaging
DSM IIIR
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual III-Revised
NINCDS ADRDA
National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association Criteria (McKhann 1984)
Total dementia definition:
DSM-IIIR
"Subjects diagnosed with AD met the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria
11
...Possible or probable dementia subtypes were diagnosed with clinical information including neuroimaging. Definite dementia subtypes were also determined on the basis of clinical and neuropathologic information. The diagnostic procedure for autopsy cases was reported previously.
13
A neuropathologic diagnosis of AD was made following the National Institute on Aging–Reagan Institute criteria
14
, where the frequency of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles was evaluated using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease criteria
15
and Braak stage.
16
...Every dementia case was adjudicated by expert psychiatrists."
Covariates & Analysis Detail
Analysis Type:
Cox proportional hazards regression
AD Covariates:
A
age
E
education
G
gender
ALC
alcohol intake
BMI
body mass index
ECG
electrocardiogram abnormalities
HTN
hypertension
PA
physical activity
SM
smoking status
SH
stroke history
TC
total cholesterol
WHR
waist to hip ratio
TD Covariates:
A
age
E
education
G
gender
ALC
alcohol intake
BMI
body mass index
ECG
electrocardiogram abnormalities
HTN
hypertension
PA
physical activity
SM
smoking status
SH
stroke history
TC
total cholesterol
WHR
waist to hip ratio