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Reference: van Himbergen, 2012
Cohort: Framingham Heart Study
Risk Factor: Inflammatory Biomarkers


Average Follow-up Time Detail
The cohort was followed for a median of 13 years. All confirmed cases of dementia after the 19th biennial examination (through December 31, 2009) were included, providing longitudinal follow-up of up to 24 years.

Exposure Detail
Lp-PLA2 levels were measured in plasma on an Olympus AU400 with enzymatic reagents as reported elsewhere (34-36). Interassay coefficients of variation were less than 5% for all assays.

We calculated the weighted mean Lp-PLA2 level at baseline, as means were provided for men and women separately in Table 1.

Ethnicity Detail
No race or ethnicity information provided in report.
According to a description of the cohort, nearly all the members of the original cohort were Caucasian.

Age Detail
The mean age at start of follow-up is actually the age at the 19th biennial examination (1985-1988). We calculated a weighted average of the mean age, as the age is provided separately for men and women in Table 1.

Screening and Diagnosis Detail
Screening Method:
MMSEMini-Mental State Examination (Folstein 1975)

AD Diagnosis:
Medical History
NINCDS ADRDA National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association Criteria (McKhann 1984)
Neurologic examination
Neuropsychological examination
Other

Total dementia definition: DSM-IV.

Screening: "Members of the dementia cohort have been monitored for the development of stroke and dementia since their inclusion in the cohort. Participants were routinely administered a screening Mini-Mental State Examination at each biennial examination [28]. Persons who scored less than education-based cutoffs or who experienced a decline of 3 or more points on the Mini-Mental State Examination from the most recent previous examination were called back for a neurological and neuropsychological examination. For each case of possible dementia, a detailed case review was undertaken by a panel consisting of at least 1 neurologist (including P.A.W. and S.S.) and a neuropsychologist (R.A.). The panel determined the type of dementia and the date of diagnosis using serial neurological and neuropsychological assessments, a telephone interview with a family member or a caregiver, medical records, and imaging study results. The diagnosis of dementia was made according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition [29]. Alzheimer disease was diagnosed when subjects met the criteria of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke–Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association for definite, probable, or possible AD [30]."

Covariates & Analysis Detail
Analysis Type:
Cox proportional hazards regression

AD Covariates:
Aage
Ggender

TD Covariates:
Aage
Ggender