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AlzRisk Paper Detail
Risk Factors
Alcohol
B Vitamins
Blood Pressure
Cognitive Activity
Diabetes Mellitus
Dietary Pattern
Head injury
Homocysteine
Hormone Therapy
Inflammatory Biomarkers
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Nutritional Antioxidants
Obesity
Physical Activity
Statin use
Reference:
Gu, 2010
Cohort:
Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project
Risk Factor:
Dietary Pattern
Exposure Detail
Dietary habits were recorded at baseline using an interviewer-administered 61-item version of the Willett semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Food groups and nutrient intakes were adjusted for caloric intake using the regression residual method (Willett W, Stampfer MJ. Total energy intake: implications for epidemiologic analyses. Am J Epidemiol 1986; 124:17-27).
Reduced rank regression was used to identify linear combinations (in the form of dietary pattern scores) of 30 food groups most predictive of seven nutrients reported to be related to dementia risk from previous literature. Nutrients included those believed to be protective against cognitive decline (monounsaturated fatty acids, n-3 fatty acids, n-6 fatty acids, vitamin B12, folate, vitamin E) and those believed to be harmful (saturated fatty acids). Scores for the dietary pattern most predictive of the seven nutrients were categorized into tertiles.
Screening and Diagnosis Detail
Screening Method:
BDRS
Blessed Dementia Rating Scale
Other
AD Diagnosis:
NINCDS ADRDA
National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association Criteria (McKhann 1984)
"A consensus diagnosis for the presence or absence of dementia
was made at a diagnostic conference attended by neurologists
and neuropsychologists, using the neuropsychological battery
of tests and evidence of cognitive deficit (based on the neuropsychological scores as described earlier), evidence of impairment in social or occupational function (as assessed by the Blessed Dementia Rating Scale, the Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale, and the physician’s assessment), and evidence of cognitive and social/occupational function decline as compared
with the past, as required by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders (Third Edition Revised). The type of dementia was subsequently determined. For the diagnosis of probable or possible Alzheimer disease (AD), the criteria of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke–Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders Association[25] were used"
Covariates & Analysis Detail
Analysis Type:
Cox proportional hazards regression
Follow-up time was the time scale in the proportional hazards analysis.
AD Covariates:
A
age
E
education
G
gender
APOE4
APOE e4 genotype
BMI
body mass index
Kcal
caloric intake
CI
comorbidity index
ORGCH
member of the original cohort
RE
race/ethnicity
SM
smoking status