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AlzRisk Paper Detail
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Reference: Dams-O'Connor, 2013
Cohort: Adult Changes in Thought-Group Health Cooperative
Risk Factor: Head injury


Exposure Detail
Through a structured interview, participants were asked "Have you ever had an injury so severe that you lost
consciousness?" If the participant responded in the affirmative, he/she was further queried regarding the type of injury (e.g. head) and the age at which it was sustained.

Ethnicity Detail
Percentages sum to over 100% since some participants reported more than one ethnicity.

Screening and Diagnosis Detail
Screening Method:
CASICognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (Teng 1994)

AD Diagnosis:
NINCDS ADRDA National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association Criteria (McKhann 1984)

Total dementia definition: Dementia via DSM-IV.

"All-cause dementia diagnoses were determined at consensus
conferences using the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition(DSM-IV) criteria[21]. Probable and possible AD diagnoses were determined using National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke–Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS–ADRDA) criteria[22]."

Covariates & Analysis Detail
Analysis Type:
Cox proportional hazards regression

"The proportional hazards assumption was violated for
dementia models. We compared a variety of parametric models
on the basis of their Akaike Information Criterion values. The best of these were loglogistic, reflecting increased risk over time. For these models we report time ratios. Ratios >1 indicate factors associated with longer survival."

AD Covariates:
Aage
Eeducation
Ggender
APOE4APOE e4 genotype

TD Covariates:
Aage
Eeducation
Ggender
APOE4APOE e4 genotype